The basis of all the tissues are fibers. They differ in composition, structure and, therefore, properties. Properties of fibers are also reflected in the properties of tissue. There are two types of fibers: natural fibers and chemical fibers. The main features for classification are: the chemical composition of fibers and their area of origin. Chemical fibers in 1890 in France in Besancon was organized by the world’s first chemical (Artificial). Studzinski may not feel the same. It was founded in the processing of the cellulose ether solution (cellulose nitrate) used in industry for obtaining smokeless powder and certain types of plastics.
Himicheskievolokna fiber Artificial or synthetic origin. Such fibers are made of various chemical compounds. Chemical fibers used to make tissue, similar to natural ones, are distinguished by composition, structure and properties. Fibers are divided into two classes: synthetic fibers and synthetic fibers. Man-made fibers, produced from natural macromolecular compounds. The raw material for such fibers are polymers, naturally occurring in finished form (cellulose, proteins). Man-made fiber is a thin continuous thread. The fabric of this yarn has a flat smooth surface with a clear picture weave.
Of synthetic fibers produce materials: acetate, rayon, staple, modal. These fabrics are pleasant to the touch, long stay dry and have excellent breathable properties. Today, thanks to the latest technology, fabrics of artificial staple fibers, not only not inferior to their physical and chemical properties and operating natural fabrics, but they are a worthy substitute. To artificial fibers include: – Hydrocellulose: viscose, lyocell and copper-ammonia – cellulose acetate: acetate and triacetate – Protein: casein and zeinovye Viscose and acetate fibers – artificial vegetable fibers, derived from cellulose or cotton waste. Synthetic fiber – fiber is extracted by the synthesis of natural low molecular weight compounds. These fibers have a chemical composition similar to that found no of natural materials. Synthetic fibers are produced by the synthesis of natural low molecular weight compounds (phenol, ethylene, acetylene, methane, etc.) as a result of polymerization or polycondensation in the main of refined products, coal and natural gas. Nylon, polyester, poliakrilnitrilnoe – all synthetic fibers. These days, thanks to advanced technology, synthetic fibers give more and more quality, for example, using methods of chemical or mechanical treatment. The most popular fiber such as nylon, acrylic, polyamide, polyester, spandex, lycra.
The development of industry resulted in excellent consumer quality synthetic fibers that are even superior to natural ones. All modern synthetic fabrics have such valuable properties as quickly absorb and condensate drain moisture from the body surface. Achieved such an effect or due to the structure used fibers, or by a special weaving yarns. In addition, modern synthetic materials dry fast, very strong and durable, lightweight, practically do not crumple. Practice has proved that the wearing of synthetic fabrics can improve human performance in extreme conditions. For synthetic fibers include: – (Nitron, Orlon, acrylic, kashmilon, Courtalain, dralon, volpryula) Pvc (chlorine, barn, Vignon, rovil, teviron) polyvinyl alcohol (vinol, mtilan, vinilon, kuralon, vinalon) Polyethylene (range, daynema, tekmilon) Polypropylene (gerkulon, ulstren found, meraklon) – GeterotsepnyePoliefirnye (polyester, terylene, dacron, teteron, Alan, tergal, tesil) Polyamide (nylon, nylon-6, Perlon, dederon, amyl, anid, nylon-6, 6, nylon-Rhodia, niplon, Nomex), polyurethane (spandex, lycra, vayrin, Espa, neolan, spantsel, vorin) When mixed artificial or synthetic fiber fabric becomes more properties: elasticity, strength, heat resistance and other fabrics of artificial, synthetic fibers and mixtures thereof are used as camouflage fabric, fabric for jackets, fabric blends, textiles sumochnye, fabric covered, fabrics for sportswear, fabrics for overalls, etc. Of these, sew casual wear, corporate and protective clothing, clothing for outdoor activities and sports.